Investment firm licence (Netherlands)
The Investment firm licence (Vergunning beleggingsonderneming) under Wft Article 2:96 and MiFID II is issued by Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM) under Directive 2014/65/EU on markets in financial instruments (MiFID II). It can be passported to the other EU/EEA states by notification. The legal decision period is 13 weeks from receipt of a complete application under Wft Article 1:102, extendable while the AFM requests supplementary information. Ownership changes need the regulator's approval before completion.
At a glance
| Official name | Investment firm licence (Vergunning beleggingsonderneming) under Wft Article 2:96 and MiFID II1 |
|---|---|
| Also known as | Vergunning beleggingsonderneming · Beleggingsonderneming · Dutch MiFID licence |
| Issued by | Authority for the Financial Markets |
| Jurisdiction | Netherlands |
| Licence family | Investment firm / broker-dealer |
| Legal basis | Directive 2014/65/EU on markets in financial instruments (MiFID II)2 Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 on markets in financial instruments (MiFIR)3 Directive 2011/61/EU on Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMD)4 |
| Passporting | EU/EEA passport available |
| Application fee | EUR 200 per hour worked by the AFM, with a statutory maximum cap of EUR 100,000 for investment firm licences under Wft Art. 2:96 (Bbft 2019 Bijlage 2, code Wft.A1.18); MTF/OTF operation max EUR 100,000 (code Wft.A2.12); licence variation max EUR 50,000 (code Wft.A3.12); plus EUR 700 per person integrity and EUR 2,900 suitability vetting5 |
| Annual fee | EUR 0 base amount plus per-service modules under Regeling bekostiging financieel toezicht 2026 (e.g. reception/transmission of orders EUR 3,335, order execution EUR 10,001, portfolio management EUR 13,337, advice EUR 10,001) and a variable turnover-based component6 |
| Statutory decision time | 13 weeks from receipt of a complete application under Wft Article 1:102, extendable while the AFM requests supplementary information7 |
What it lets you do
| Reception and transmission of orders | Receiving client orders in financial instruments and passing them to another firm for execution. |
|---|---|
| Execution of orders on behalf of clients | Concluding agreements to buy or sell financial instruments on behalf of clients. |
| Dealing on own account | Trading financial instruments against proprietary capital, which includes acting as counterparty to client trades. |
| Portfolio management | Managing client portfolios that include financial instruments on a discretionary, client-by-client basis. |
| Investment advice | Giving personal recommendations to a client about one or more transactions in financial instruments. |
| Underwriting or placing on a firm commitment basis | Guaranteeing the sale of an issue of financial instruments by committing to buy what is not sold to investors. |
| Placing without a firm commitment | Placing financial instruments with investors on a best-efforts basis, without guaranteeing the sale. |
| Operating a multilateral trading facility (MTF) | Running a multilateral system, other than a regulated market, that matches third-party interests in financial instruments under non-discretionary rules. |
| Operating an organised trading facility (OTF) | Running a multilateral system for non-equity instruments where the operator exercises discretion over order execution. |
| Safekeeping and administration of financial instruments | Holding financial instruments for clients and related services such as cash and collateral management, as an ancillary service. |
| CFD and forex brokerage | Offering retail and professional clients contracts for difference and rolling spot forex, usually as dealing on own account or order execution. |
Where it is valid
Cost
How long it takes
Statutory: 13 weeks from receipt of a complete application under Wft Article 1:102, extendable while the AFM requests supplementary information7. Observed: not published. The statutory clock usually starts only when the regulator treats the application as complete, and pauses while it waits for answers to its questions.
Buying a company that already holds it
Prior approval required. In the Netherlands' Twin Peaks supervisory architecture, change of control and qualifying holdings (gekwalificeerde deelnemingen) are strictly regulated. Any natural or legal person proposing to acquire, increase, or divest a qualifying holding, defined as a direct or indirect holding of at least 10%, 20%, 33% (or 30%), or 50% of voting rights or capital, or the ability to exercise significant influence/control, in an investment firm or fund manager governed by the Wft must obtain a prior Declaration of No Objection (Verklaring van geen bezwaar - VVGB) from De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) under Wft Article 3:95, with DNB consulting the AFM on conduct-of-business aspects. For crypto-asset service providers (CASPs) under Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA Article 83), proposed acquisitions of qualifying holdings require prior assessment and approval by the competent supervisor (AFM charges EUR 2,400 per assessment under Bbft 2019 code EU.D1.07). The statutory assessment period is 60 working days from written acknowledgement of receipt of a complete filing, interruptible once by up to 20 or 30 working days if additional information is required from the proposed acquirer.8
IF in other countries
| Country | Licence | Regulator | Min. capital | Application fee | Statutory time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) | Investment firm licenceFinancial Services Permission for Dealing in Investments as Principal (Category 2) | FSRA | n/a | USD 40,000 | n/a |
| Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) | Investment firm licenceFinancial Services Permission for Dealing in Investments as Agent or Matched Principal (Category 3A) | FSRA | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) | Investment firm licenceFinancial Services Permission for Advising on Investments or Arranging Deals in Investments (Category 4) | FSRA | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Australia | Australian financial services licence (AFSL) | ASIC | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Bermuda | Investment Business LicenceInvestment Business Licence (standard licence, under the Investment Business Act 2003) | BMA | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| British Virgin Islands | Investment Business LicenceInvestment Business Licence (Categories 1-4: dealing, managing, advising, custody/administration of investments) | BVI FSC | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Cayman Islands | Securities Investment Business Licence / Registered Person | CIMA | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Cyprus | Cyprus Investment Firm (CIF) authorisation | CySEC | n/a | EUR 7,000 | ~6 mo |
| Czech Republic | Investment Firm licence | CNB | n/a | CZK 20,000 | ~6 mo |
| Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) | Investment firm licenceFinancial Services Permission for Dealing in Investments as Principal (Category 2) | DFSA | n/a | USD 40,000 | n/a |
| Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) | Investment firm licenceFinancial Services Permission for Dealing in Investments as Agent or Operating an Alternative Trading System (Category 3A) | DFSA | n/a | USD 25,000 | n/a |
| Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) | Investment firm licenceFinancial Services Permission for Advising on Financial Products or Arranging Deals in Investments (Category 4) | DFSA | n/a | USD 15,000 | n/a |
| Estonia | Authorisation as an investment firm | FI | n/a | EUR 3,000 | ~2 mo |
| France | Financial investment adviser status | AMF | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Germany | Investment firm licence | BaFin | n/a | EUR 6,336 | ~6 mo |
| Hong Kong | Type 1 Licence for Dealing in Securities | SFC | n/a | HKD 4,740 | ~3.5 mo |
| Hong Kong | Type 2 Licence for Dealing in Futures Contracts | SFC | n/a | HKD 4,740 | ~3.5 mo |
| Hong Kong | Type 4 Licence for Advising on Securities | SFC | n/a | HKD 4,740 | ~3.5 mo |
| Hong Kong | Type 6 Licence for Advising on Corporate Finance | SFC | n/a | HKD 4,740 | ~3.5 mo |
| Hong Kong | Type 7 Licence for Providing Automated Trading Services | SFC | n/a | HKD 4,740 | ~3.5 mo |
| Ireland | Investment Firm Authorisation (MiFID II) | CBI | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Italy | Investment firm licence (SIM) | CONSOB | n/a | n/a | ~6 mo |
| Latvia | Investment firm licence | LB | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Lithuania | Financial brokerage firm licence | LB | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Luxembourg | Investment firm authorisation | CSSF | n/a | EUR 50,000 | ~6 mo |
| Malaysia (Labuan) | Securities Licensee licenceSecurities Licensee licence (dealing in / advising on securities) | Labuan FSA | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Malta | Investment services licence (Category 1, 2, or 3) | MFSA | n/a | EUR 7,250 | ~6 mo |
| Mauritius | Investment Adviser Licence | FSC | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Mauritius | Investment Dealer Licence | FSC | n/a | USD 500 | ~0.5 mo |
| Netherlands | Investment firm licenceInvestment firm licence (Vergunning beleggingsonderneming) under Wft Article 2:96 and MiFID II | AFM | n/a | EUR 200 | ~3 mo |
| Poland | Brokerage House licence (dom maklerski) | KNF | n/a | EUR 4,500 | ~2 mo |
| Seychelles | Securities Dealer's Licence | FSA | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Singapore | Capital Markets Services (CMS) Licence | MAS | n/a | SGD 1,000 | n/a |
| Slovakia | Investment firm licence | NBS | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| South Africa | Financial Services Provider licence - Category IFinancial Services Provider licence - Category I (advice and/or intermediary services, non-discretionary, incl. crypto assets) | FSCA | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| South Africa | Financial Services Provider licence - Category II (discretionary FSP) | FSCA | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| South Africa | Over-the-Counter Derivative Provider (ODP) authorisationOver-the-Counter Derivative Provider (ODP) authorisation under the Financial Markets Act | FSCA | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Spain | AV) investment firm licence | CNMV | n/a | EUR 10,000 | ~6 mo |
| Spain | Empresa de Asesoramiento Financiero (EAF) licence | CNMV | n/a | EUR 1,000 | ~6 mo |
| Switzerland | Portfolio manager licence | FINMA | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Switzerland | Securities firm licence | FINMA | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| United Kingdom | MIFIDPRU Investment Firm Authorisation (Part 4A FSMA) | FCA | n/a | GBP 2,820 | ~6 mo |
Values come from each licence's page, where every figure has its source.
Laws behind it
- Directive 2014/65/EU on markets in financial instruments: Directive 2014/65/EU
- Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012: Regulation (EU) No 600/2014
- Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive: Directive 2011/61/EU
- UCITS Directive: Directive 2009/65/EC
Sources
- afm.nl: vereisten en vergunningen · retrieved 2026-09-24
- EUR-Lex: CELEX 32014L0065 · retrieved 2026-09-24
- EUR-Lex: CELEX 32014R0600 · retrieved 2026-09-24
- EUR-Lex: CELEX 32011L0061 · retrieved 2026-09-24
- wetten.overheid.nl: BWBR0041647 · retrieved 2026-09-24
- zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl: stcrt 2026 20792 · retrieved 2026-09-24
- maxius.nl: artikel2:97 · secondary · retrieved 2026-09-24
- wetten.overheid.nl: BWBR0020368 · retrieved 2026-09-24
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